Store-and-forward messaging channel for occasionally connected mobile applications

ABSTRACT

Sending and receiving application or service data through an email transport for mobile computing devices occasionally disconnected from network connectivity. At a sending service or application, application or service data is intercepted from the application or service. The application or service data is packaged in an email message. The email message includes the application or service data within the email envelope and an identification of an application or service client to which the application or service data should be applied at a client computer system. The email message is sent through an email transport to a mobile client computer system which includes the application or service to which the application or service data should be applied. At the client the email message is intercepted. The data is extracted from the email envelope. The application or service client is identified. The data is routed to the appropriate application or service.

BACKGROUND Background and Relevant Art

Computers and computing systems have affected nearly every aspect ofmodern living. Computers are generally involved in work, recreation,healthcare, transportation, entertainment, household management, etc.

Further, computing system functionality can be enhanced by a computingsystems ability to be interconnected to other computing systems vianetwork connections. Network connections may include, but are notlimited to, connections via wired or wireless Ethernet, cellularconnections, or even computer to computer connections through serial,parallel, USB, or other connections. Notably “or” as used herein, unlessotherwise specified, is intended to be read as a non-exclusive “or”which allows for one or the other or both. The connections allow acomputing system to access services at other computing systems and toquickly and efficiently receive application data from other computingsystem.

In recent times, mobile computing devices have become ubiquitouslycommon. Examples of mobile computing devices include, withoutlimitation, laptops, PDAs, cell-phones, and the like. Each of thesemobile computing devices can host various applications and services.Even many cell-phones include applications and services to perform emailoperations, word processing operations, database operations, internetbrowsing, instant messaging, and a host of other operations.

Presently inherent in their mobility, mobile computing devices may beoccasionally or frequently disconnected from connections, such asnetwork connections, to other computing systems. For example, when a PDAis removed from its docking cradle, the PDA will typically bedisconnected from its host computer and from one or more networksincluding the network between the PDA and the host computer system, andbetween the PDA and other networks and/or computer systems that he PDAtypically accesses through its host computer's network connection. If aPDA or laptop includes wireless Ethernet connectivity, the PDA or laptopmay be moved to an area where the wireless Ethernet is not available.Mobile phones may only be connected to mobile wireless connections bydirect request from a user, or even when a semi-constant connection ismaintained, the connection may be broken when mobile wirelessconnections are lost.

However, some services and applications may desire to send data as if acomputing device is constantly connected. If the computing device is notconnected when data is sent, the data may be lost. Additionally,addresses for mobile devices may not be discoverable in the ordinarilyused methods for discovering addresses.

Illustratively, often data is sent using an identifier such as an IPaddress. However, when a device becomes disconnected, the IP address maybe lost. Thus, data sent to a previously valid IP address may be lost orat least not reach its intended destination. Additionally, in oneillustrative example, there are no suitable methods for discovering anIP address for a cellular telephone on a mobile operator network.

The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments thatsolve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such asthose described above. Rather, this background is only provided toillustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodimentsdescribed herein may be practiced.

BRIEF SUMMARY

One embodiment disclosed herein is directed to a method which may bepracticed in a mobile network computing environment including mobilecomputing devices that may be occasionally or frequently disconnectedfrom network connectivity. The method includes acts for receivingapplication or service data that is typically received via a networktransport. The method includes intercepting an email message. The emailmessage includes application or service data within the email envelopeand an identification of an application or service to which theapplication or service data should be applied. The application orservice data is extracted from the email envelope. An application orservice client is identified from among a number of applications orservices, where the identified application or service is the applicationor service to which the application or service data should be applied.The application data is routed to an appropriate application or serviceas identified

Another embodiment disclosed herein may also be practiced in a mobilenetwork computing environment including mobile computing devices thatmay be occasionally or frequently disconnected from networkconnectivity. The method includes acts for sending application orservice data that is typically sent via a network transport. The methodincludes intercepting application or service data from an application orservice. The application or service data is packaged in an emailmessage. The email message includes the application or service datawithin the email envelope and an identification of an application orservice client to which the application or service data should beapplied at a client computer system. The email message is sent throughan email transport to a mobile client computer system which includes theapplication or service to which the application or service data shouldbe applied. Notably, the email message may not be immediately sent, butrather may be held at the system until network connectivity isavailable. However, network connectivity is transparent to theapplication or service in that the application or service can simplyassume that data will be sent.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the descriptionwhich follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or maybe learned by the practice of the teachings herein. Features andadvantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of theinstruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims. Features of the present invention will become more fullyapparent from the following description and appended claims, or may belearned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and otheradvantages and features can be obtained, a more particular descriptionof the subject matter briefly described above will be rendered byreference to specific embodiments which are illustrated in the appendeddrawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typicalembodiments and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting inscope, embodiments will be described and explained with additionalspecificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates an environment including a number of wireless devicesand email infrastructure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a method of sending application or service data usingan email transport; and

FIG. 3 illustrates a method of receiving application or service datausing an email transport.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments herein may comprise a special purpose or general-purposecomputer including various computer hardware, as discussed in greaterdetail below.

On embodiment described herein includes functionality for using emailmessages and envelopes to transport application or service data. Usingan email infrastructure, application and service data can be transmittedon a store and forward basis. This allows application and service datato be transmitted to devices which are occasionally or frequentlydisconnected from a network.

Notably, some embodiments allow for email to be used as a transport,when other transports, such as TCP or HTTP, fail due to disconnectionfrom a network or for other reasons. Thus, when ordinarily usedtransports are available, they can be used, while an email transportfall-back scheme provides a secondary path for data.

Additionally, by using an email transport, existing infrastructure maybe used with minimal or no modifications. For example, using the emailtransport, application and service data can be transmitted as an emailmessage to existing email servers without the need to modify the emailservers. Hardware and software at originating and end points of the datacan handle data routing without the need for specialized email serversin between. Additionally, traditional encryption schemes that havetypically been used for email messages can be used to encrypt theapplication or service data. Also, application and service data can besigned and encrypted prior to being included in the email message.Further, because traditional NAT and firewall boundaries are permeableby email messages, the application or service data can be transmittedthrough these NAT and firewall boundaries as email messages.

Further still, by using an email address for routing the application orservice data, a constant unchanging address can prevent misrouting ofdata. For example, an email address may identify the mobile device andmay further be implemented such that all email sent to the particularaddress is known to include application or service data. Thus, anymessages sent to the particular address can be intercepted, theapplication or service data stripped from the message, and theapplication or service data routed to an appropriate application orservice client. Notably, a single email address may be used for one ormore device.

Illustratively, in one embodiment, at a service or data provider system,computer implemented modules may be implemented which interceptapplication or service data from an application or service. Theapplication or service data is packaged in an email message. The emailmessage is then sent through an email transport to a computing devicewhich includes an application or service client to which the data shouldbe applied.

At the client, the email message is intercepted. The application orservice data is extracted from the email envelope. An application orservice client to which the data applies is identified. The applicationor service data is then sent to the application or service client.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an illustrative embodiment is shown. In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a service 102 is connected to a widearea network 104. In this example, the service includes functionalityfor providing service or application data. The service or applicationdata can be provided using ordinarily used transports such as TCP, http,and the like. This is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the message 106. In oneembodiment, if the ordinarily used transports fail, then messages may besent using an email envelope 108 where the email envelope 108 includesservice or application data. Notably, the use of the alternative “or” inthis context and throughout this document, unless otherwise denoted, isnot intended to limit exclusively. For example the data may beexclusively either service or application data or a combination ofapplication and service data can be included in the email envelope 108.

As described previously, the service 102 can intercept service orapplication data from a service or application. The service orapplication data can then be packaged in an email envelope 108.Additionally, information can be packaged in the email envelope 108indicating a service or client application to which the data in theemail envelope 108 applies.

The email envelope 108 can be sent to the wide area network 104. Asillustrated and FIG. 1, an email service 110 is connected to the widearea network 104. The email service 110 receives the email envelope 108.The email envelope 108 includes an email address which can be used toidentify a target client computer system. Notably, as explainedpreviously, a single email address may be used for one or more systemsor one or more applications or services on the one or more systems.Thus, in some embodiments, a single email address may be used formultiple systems and multiple services or applications. A particularclient system may be identified, for example, by other information inthe email message including information in the application or servicedata. As such, the email service 110 provides functionality for routingthe email envelope 108 to the appropriate client. This may beaccomplished in several different alternative fashions. For example, inone embodiment, the email service 110 can forward the email envelope 108to other email services at that are either able to further forward theemail envelope 108 or that are accessible by a target client which canthen either pull the email envelope 108 from the email service orreceive the email envelope 108 as a result of the email service pushingthe email envelope 108 to the client.

Various clients are illustrated in FIG. 1. For example, FIG. 1illustrates a cellular telephone 112 which may be a client of the emailservice 110. FIG. 1 further illustrates a laptop 114 and a PDA 116 whichare clients of the email service 110.

FIG. 1 illustrates that the cellular telephone 112 is connected to theemail service 110 through a cellular network 118. Illustratively, anattempt to send service or application data may be performed by sendinga message 106 containing the application or service data. If the attemptto send the application or service data using the message 106 fails, theapplication or service data may be sent in an email envelope 108. Theemail envelope 108 is sent to the wide area network 104, which may bethe Internet, a corporate network, or other suitable network. The emailenvelope 108 is sent to the email service 110. The email service 110 maybe connected to a cellular telephone network provider represented at118. While in the example illustrated, the cellular network 118 isconnected directly to the email service 110, other embodiments mayalternatively be implemented. For example, a cellular telephone providermay provide various services to telephone users by allowing connectionto the wide area network 104. In such an example, the cellular telephonecan request email messages from the email service 110 by sending arequest to the cellular network 118 which is connected to one or morecomputing devices connected to the wide area network 104 which isconnected to the email service 110. As such, when the cellular telephone112 is able to receive messages, the messages can be either retrievedfrom the email service 110 or pushed from the email service 110 to thecellular telephone. Other technologies for delivering email messages tomobile devices may also be used, including other pull type methods andinfrastructures using push type methods where emails are pushed from aserver to a client system.

The cellular telephone 112 may include a computer-readable storagemedium including computer executable instructions configured toimplement a mail handling client. In one embodiment, the mail handlingclient can detect that the email envelope 108 includes an indicationthat the email message and the email envelope 108 contains applicationor service data intended for an application or service client executingon the cellular telephone 112. For example, in one embodiment, the emailaddress to which the email envelope 108 is addressed may be an addressdedicated to sending and receiving application or service data.Alternatively, the email address to which the email envelope 108 isaddressed may be a generic address usable for both regular emailcommunications as well as for the transport of application or servicedata. In this case, the mail handling client may be configured toexamine other fields in the email envelope 108. For example, the subjectline may include information indicating that the email envelope 108contains application or service date intended for an application orservice client running on the cellular telephone 112. Still other fieldsmay be used including other header or footer fields or specialized textin the message body of the email envelope 108.

Once the email envelope 108 has been identified as a message containingapplication or service data, the application or service data may bestripped from the email envelope 108 and forwarded to the appropriateapplication or service client executing on the cellular telephone 112.Identification of the appropriate application or service client may beaccomplished in a number of different ways. One or more properties ofthe email message may be used. For example, the email address fieldincluding the email address to which the email envelope 108 is addressedmay include an indicator indicating the appropriate application orservice client. Alternatively, the subject line may contain informationidentifying the appropriate application or service client. In yetanother alternative embodiment, various other header or footer fieldsmay include information identifying the appropriate application orservice client. In still other embodiments, the message body may containspecialized information identifiable as indicating the appropriateapplication or service client which may be used for that purpose.

Notably, the cellular telephone 112 may further include executableinstructions which allow applications and service clients running on thecellular telephone 112 to send application or service data using eitherstandard communication techniques or using an email envelope as atransport for the application are serviced data. In the example above, acellular telephone was used for one concrete example. Notably othermobile devices may be used, and the preceding description should not beinterpreted as limiting embodiments to only cellular telephoneembodiments.

As mentioned previously, FIG. 1 further illustrates other mobile clientsincluding the laptop computer 114 and the PDA 116. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 1, the laptop computer 114 and PDA 116 are connectedto a local area network 120 through a wireless connection illustrated bythe antenna 122. The local area network is 120 is shown having aconnection through a firewall 124 to the email service 110. Notably, inmany embodiments, the local area network 120 will be connected to theemail service 110 through the wide area network 104.

In some embodiments, the local area network 120 may include a localemail service 126. As such, when application or service data is sentusing an email envelope 108, the email envelope 108 is sent to the widearea network 104, to the email service 110, through the firewall 124, tothe local area network 120, and to the local email service 126. Theemail envelope 108 can then be stored on the local email service 126until requested by mobile clients, such as the laptop computer 114 orthe PDA 116.

Notably, in many embodiments, no specialized equipment is needed toimplement the email service 110 or the local email service 126. Rather,specialized software can be implemented at the service 102 and at mobileclients such as the laptop 114 and the PDA 116, which allows applicationor service data to be packaged in an email envelope 108 and sent betweenthe service 102 and application or service clients running on the mobiledevices including the laptop 114 and the PDA 116. This ability to reuseexisting infrastructure may allow for a number of advantageous benefitsto be realized. For example, in one embodiment, application or servicedata packaged in an email envelope 108 can pass through the firewall 124as the firewall 124 treats the application and service data as astandard email message. Another advantageous benefit that can beachieved in some embodiments is the ability to reuse existinginfrastructure without the need to deploy specialized hardware andsoftware so as to facilitate the implementation of a store and forwardmessaging system for occasionally connected mobile devices.

Yet another advantageous benefit that may be achieved in someembodiments includes the ability to use existing signature andencryption techniques and/or email encryption techniques to secure theapplication and service data transmitted using the email envelope 108.For example, in one embodiment, encryption and signing at a runtimelevel may be performed. For example, application or service data may beencrypted and signed through a WS-Security protocol implementation whichis a part of the runtime. The signed and encrypted data is then includedin the email envelope 108. Additionally or alternatively, in oneembodiment standard e-mail encryption such as S-MIME could be used toencrypt the email message packaged in the email envelope 108.

While standardized encryption techniques are described above, otherembodiments may include other standardized standard-based protocolmessages. For example, other WS protocols may be used to add additionalinformation to the payload of the email message. In particular, in oneembodiment, WS-ReliableMessaging may be used as a way to provideguaranteed ordered deliver of the application or service data.

Still another advantageous benefit that maybe realized includes theability to secure the application and service data usingchallenge/password protection available with many email accesstechniques. In particular, to access email, a user often provides ausername and password. As such, the application or service data can beprotected by this password and username inherent in particular emailaccess techniques.

Embodiments may be described in terms of methods comprising functionalsteps and/or non-functional acts. The following is a description of actsand steps that may be performed in practicing the present invention.Usually, functional steps describe the invention in terms of resultsthat are accomplished, whereas non-functional acts describe morespecific actions for achieving a particular result. Although thefunctional steps and non-functional acts may be described or claimed ina particular order, the present invention is not necessarily limited toany particular ordering or combination of acts and/or steps.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a method 200 is illustrated. The method 200 maybe practiced, for example, in a mobile network computing environmentincluding mobile computing devices that may be occasionally orfrequently disconnected from network connectivity. The method includesacts for sending application or service data that is typically sent viaa network transport. The method includes an act of interceptingapplication or service data from an application or service (act 202).For example, The service 102 illustrated in FIG. 1 may include anapplication of service that generates data for applications or serviceclients running on one of the mobile computing devices 112, 114, 116illustrated in FIG. 1.

The method 200 further includes packaging the application or servicedata in an email message (act 204). The email message may include theapplication or service data within the email envelope. The email messagemay further include an identification of an application or serviceclient to which the application or service data should be applied at aclient computer system. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the emailenvelope 108 may include application or service data as discussed above.The email envelope 108 may further include information identifying aparticular application or service client. As explained previously,several alternative methods may be used to identify the application orservice client. For example, in one embodiment, the subject field of theemail message may be used to identify a service or application to whichthe application or service data should be applied. In one embodiment,for example, the subject of the email message, or any other appropriateproperty may be used for multiplexing/demultiplexing purposes, similarto networking port. Thus, applications listening on a particular port,will receive messages sent to that port where the port is identified inthe subject field.

Referring once again to FIG. 2, the method 200 further includes sendingthe email message through an email transport to a mobile client computersystem (act 206). The mobile client computer system includes theapplication or service to which the application or service data shouldbe applied. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the email envelope 108 may be sentto a mobile computing device such as the cellular telephone 112, thelaptop computer 114 or the PDA 116.

The method 200 may be practiced where the application or service data ispushed from a server to the mobile client computer system. Typically,when an occasionally connected mobile device exists in a network, themobile device requests application and service data. However, the storeand forward nature of some embodiments described herein allows data tobe pushed from a service rather than the data being requested from theservice.

The method 200 may be performed as a fallback method when http or TCPfails. For example, FIG. 1 illustrates that traditional messages 106 maybe sent. When those messages fail, email messages packaged in an emailenvelope 108 may be sent.

In one embodiment, the method 200 may be performed where the applicationor service data includes data from a Web Service. Web Services is astandardized way of integrating applications. Standardized XML documentscan be used with SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) messages and WSDL(Web Services Description Language) descriptions to integrateapplications without an extensive knowledge of the applications beingintegrated.

As noted previously, the method 200 may be performed such that packagingthe application or service data in an email message includes encryptingthe email message using one or more standardized email encryptionprotocols.

Referring now to FIG. 3, another embodiment is illustrated. FIG. 3illustrates a method 300 may be practiced in a mobile network computingenvironment including mobile computing devices that may be occasionallyor frequently disconnected from network connectivity. The methodincludes acts for receiving application or service data that istypically received via a network transport. The method includesintercepting an email message (act 302). The email message includesapplication or service data within the email envelope and anidentification of an application or service to which the application orservice data should be applied. This may be accomplished in any numberof ways, including those previously set forth herein. In one particularembodiment, intercepting an email message may include identifying anemail message addressed to a specific address. The address is used toidentify a mobile client computer system to which the application orservice data should be transmitted. The address may further be used toidentify that the email message contains application or service dataapplicable to one or more applications or services.

The method 300 further includes extracting the application or servicedata from the email envelope (act 304). In one embodiment, theapplication or service data may be included in the body of the emailenvelope. The application or service data may be formatted in variousformats such that the data can be appropriately identified asapplication and service data. For example, in one embodiment, theapplication and service data may be formatted according to an XML schemasuch that the application and service data is organized as a SOAPmessage for use with Web Services.

FIG. 3 further illustrates that method 300 includes and act ofidentifying from among a plurality of applications or services theapplication or service to which the application or service data shouldbe applied (act 306). For example, a mobile device, such as the cellularphone 112, the laptop 114 or the PDA 116, may include a number ofapplication that are able to receive application or service data fromthe email transport. One or more of these applications may be identifiedas an application to which the application or service data in the emailmessage applied. Identifying the application or service to which theapplication or service data should be applied may include referencing agiven email property. For example, an email property may act as avirtual networking port. An email property may be used for multiplexingand demultiplexing purposes similar to a networking port. Various emailproperties may be used. Illustratively, in one embodiment, an emailfield such as the subject field may be used.

The method 300 further includes an act of routing the application datato an appropriate application or services (act 308) as identified in theact of identifying from among a plurality of applications or servicesthe application or service to which the application or service datashould be applied.

Embodiments may also include computer-readable media for carrying orhaving computer-executable instructions or data structures storedthereon. Such computer-readable media can be any available media thatcan be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By wayof example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media cancomprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedium which can be used to carry or store desired program code means inthe form of computer-executable instructions or data structures andwhich can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.When information is transferred or provided over a network or anothercommunications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combinationof hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views theconnection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection isproperly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the aboveshould also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions anddata which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function orgroup of functions. Although the subject matter has been described inlanguage specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, itis to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appendedclaims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actsdescribed above. Rather, the specific features and acts described aboveare disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or essential characteristics. The describedembodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrativeand not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicatedby the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

1. In a mobile network computing environment including mobile computingdevices that may be occasionally or frequently disconnected from networkconnectivity, a method of receiving application or service data that istypically received via a network transport, the method comprising:intercepting an email message, wherein the email message comprisesapplication or service data within the email envelope and anidentification of an application or service to which the application orservice data should be applied; extracting the application or servicedata from the email envelope; identifying from among a plurality ofapplications or services the application or service to which theapplication or service data should be applied; and routing theapplication data to an appropriate application or service as identifiedin the act of identifying from among a plurality of applications orservices the application or service to which the application or servicedata should be applied.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein interceptingan email message comprises identifying an email message to a specificaddress, wherein the address is used to identify a mobile clientcomputer system to which the application or service data should betransmitted to, further wherein the address is used to identify that theemail message contains application or service data applicable to one ormore of the plurality of applications or services.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein identifying from among a plurality of applications orservices the application or service to which the application or servicedata should be applied comprises referencing a given email property,wherein the email property acts as a networking port.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein the given email property is a subject field.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising receiving the email through astandard email encryption protocol.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: verifying a signature used to sign the application orservice data; and decrypting the application or service data.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein verifying and decrypting are performed usinga WS-Security protocol.
 8. In a mobile network computing environmentincluding mobile computing devices that may be occasionally orfrequently disconnected from network connectivity, a method of sendingapplication or service data that is typically sent via a networktransport, the method comprising: intercepting application or servicedata from an application or service; packaging the application orservice data in an email message, wherein the email message comprisesthe application or service data within the email envelope and anidentification of an application or service client to which theapplication or service data should be applied at a client computersystem; and sending the email message through an email transport to amobile client computer system including the application or service towhich the application or service data should be applied.
 9. The methodof claim 8, wherein the application or service data is pushed from aserver to the mobile client computer system.
 10. The method of claim 8,wherein the method is performed as a fallback method when anothertransport fails.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the anothertransport is at least one of http or tcp.
 12. The method of claim 8,wherein a property of the email message is used to identify a service orapplication to which the application or service data should be applied.13. The method of claim 12, wherein the property of the email message isa subject field of the email message.
 14. The method of claim 12,wherein the property of the email message is used formultiplexing/demultiplexing purposes functionally similar to anetworking port.
 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the application orservice data comprises data from a Web Service.
 16. The method of claim8, further comprising sending the email message using one or morestandardized email encryption protocols.
 17. The method of claim 8,further comprising, prior to packaging the application or service datain an email message: encrypting the application or service data; andsigning the application or service data.
 18. The method of claim 17,wherein encrypting the application or service data and signing theapplication or service data is performed using a WS-Security protocol.19. The method of claim 8, wherein sending the email message through anemail transport comprises sending the email to one or more standardemail servers, the email servers requiring no specialized configurationto be able to transport the application or service data.
 20. A computerreadable medium comprising computer executable instructions configuredto perform the method of claim 8.